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Fairey Albacore
The Fairey Albacore was a British single-engine carrier-borne biplane torpedo bomber built by Fairey Aviation between 1939 and 1943 for the Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm and used during the Second World War. It had a three-man crew and was designed for spotting and reconnaissance as well as level bombing, dive bombing and as a torpedo bomber. The Albacore, popularly known as the "Applecore", was conceived as a replacement for the ageing Fairey Swordfish, which had entered service in 1936. The Albacore served with the Swordfish and was retired before it, being replaced by the Fairey Barracuda and Grumman Avenger monoplane torpedo bombers.
==Design and development==
The Albacore prototypes were built to meet Specification S.41/36 for a three-seat TSR (torpedo/spotter/reconnaissance) for the FAA to replace the Swordfish. The Albacore was designated TBR (torpedo/bomber/reconnaissance) and like the Swordfish, was fully capable of dive bombing: ''"The Albacore was designed for diving at speeds up to 215 knots (400 km/h) lAS with flaps either up or down, and it was certainly steady in a dive, recovery being easy and smooth..."'' and the maximum under wing bomb load was 4 x 500 lb bombs.〔Smith, p. 66.〕〔Brown 1980, p. 66.〕〔Harrison 2002, p. 87.〕 The Albacore had a more powerful engine than the Swordfish and was more aerodynamically refined. It offered the crew an enclosed and heated cockpit. The Albacore also had features such as an automatic liferaft ejection system which triggered in the event of the aircraft ditching.〔Goebel, Greg. ("The Fairey Swordfish, Albacore, & Barracuda." ) ''vectorsite.net'', 2009. Retrieved: 25 October 2009.〕
The first of two prototypes flew on 12 December 1938 and production of the first batch of 98 aircraft began in 1939.〔Mason 1994, p. 321.〕 Early Albacores were fitted with the Bristol Taurus II engine and those built later received the more powerful Taurus XII. Boscombe Down testing of the Albacore and Taurus II engine, in February 1940, showed a maximum speed of 160 mph (258 km/h), at an altitude of 4,800 ft (1,463 m), at 11,570 lb (5,259 kg), which was achieved with four under-wing depth charges, while maximum speed without the depth charges was 172 mph (277 km/h).〔Mason 1998, pp. 292, 306.〕 An Albacore fitted with the Taurus II engine and carrying a torpedo weighed 11,100 lb (5,045 kg).〔Mason 1998, p. 292.〕
A total of 800 Albacores were built, including two prototypes which were all built at Fairey's Hayes Factory and test flown at what is now London Heathrow Airport.〔Mason 1994, p. 323.〕〔Harrison 2004, p. 11.〕〔Mondey 2006, p. 101.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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